Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) comprise 64% of the ocean’s surface. ABNJ contain ecosystems, marine resources, and biodiversity of great ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural importance. A variety of human activities take place in ABNJ; however, lack of knowledge of marine biodiversity and ecosystems in ABNJ, difficulties in enforcement of existing conservation and management measures, and disagreements over appropriate policy responses, have hindered the sustainable management of ABNJ.
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